Publications

The underlined blue text for the individual publications below takes you to the article in the journal. It may give a "redirect notification",  just click on the URL link to go to the article.

2026 

Suhas, D. L., W. Han, T. Shinoda, R. Sun, A. Subramanian, M. Bourassa, and M. Alexander, 2026: Marine Heatwaves in the Arabian Sea: Drivers and Impacts on Atmospheric Circulation and Extreme Precipitation. J. Climate, e250458, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-25-0458.1, in press. 

Dukhovskoy, D. S., T. Cordero, K. Hedstrom, M. Alexander, M. Jacox, R. Hallberg, M. Harrison, and J. Liu, 2026: Design and implementation of a Newtonian relaxation scheme in the NOAA GFDL Sea Ice Model (SIS2). Geoscientific Model Development, 19, 15, 7169–7196. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-7169-2026

Xu, T., M. Newman, M., S.-I. Shin, A. Capotondi, D. J. Vimont, M. A. Alexander and E. Di Lorenzo, 2026: Persistent Northeast Pacific marine heatwaves are sensitive to the seasonality of tropical and North Pacific dynamics. Commun. Earth Environ., 7, 528. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-03442-x 

Kim, D., Ross, A. C., Shin, S.-I., Gomez, F. A., John, J. G., Volkov, D. L., Lee, S.-K., Alexander, M. A., and Stock, C. A.: Dynamically downscaled future projections of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean across low to high emissions scenarios, Ocean Sci., 22, 1987–2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-1987-2026, 2026. 

Gehne, M., J. Dias, J. D. Scott, D. J. Amaya, M. G. Jacox, M. A. Alexander, and A. A. Cluett, 2026: Influence of atmospheric errors on weeks 2-4 California Current System predictions, Monthly Weather Review, 154(7) https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-26-0009.1 

Miller A. J., M. A. Alexander, D. J. Amaya, N. Cordero-Quiros, C. A. Edwards, M.G. Jacox, J. Li, and M.R. Stukel, 2026: Physical oceanographic mechanisms associated with recent ecological responses in the California Current Ecosystem. BioScience. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biag020 

Amaya D.J., M.G. Jacox, and M.A. Alexander, 2026: Skillful high-resolution seasonal forecasts of the California Current System using model-analogs. Progress in Oceanography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103723 

 Freeman, N., G. Hervieux, M.A. Alexander, M.G. Jacox, D. Amaya, J. Scott, and A. Capotondi (2026), Characterizing compound physical and biogeochemical extremes in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem, PLOS Climate 5(2), e0000638, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000638 

Farchadi, N., Crear, D., Li, Y., Alexander, M., et al., 2026. “Climate Vulnerability Assessments in Marine Fisheries: Taking Stock and Looking Ahead.” Fish and Fisheries 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.70064. 

Braun, C. D., Boyce, D., Farchadi, N., Arostegui, Martin C., Alexander, M., et. al., 2026: Identifying the critical elements for a next generation of climate vulnerability assessments for fisheries. Fisheries, vuaf133, https://doi.org/10.1093/fshmag/vuaf133 

2025 

Zhu, Y., W. Han, M. A. Alexander, S. Shin, C. Liu, and Y. Lyu, 2025: Drivers of Low-Frequency Variability of Ocean Heat Content on the U.S. Northeast Shelf. J. Climate, 38, 2853–2871, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-24-0279.1. 

Alexander, M. A., J. D. Scott, M. G. Jacox, D. J. Amaya, and L. M. Wilczynski, 2025: Processes that influence bottom temperatures in the California Current system. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 130, e2024JC021886. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021886 

Amaya, D. J., N. Maher, C. Deser, M. G. Jacox, M. A. Alexander, M. Newman, J. Dias, and J. Lou, 2025: Linking Projected Changes in Seasonal Climate Predictability and ENSO Amplitude. J. Climate, 38, 675–688, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-23-0648.1. 

2024

Amaya, D.J., M.G. Jacox, M.A. Alexander, S.J. Bograd, and L. Jia, 2024: Seasonal upwelling forecasts in the California Current System, Geophysical Research Letters, 51, e2024GL111083 5337-5353, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL111083 

Cluett, A.A., M.G. Jacox, D.J. Amaya, M.A. Alexander, and J.D. Scott, 2024: Atmospheric precursors of skillful SST prediction in the Northeast Pacific, Journal of Climate, 37 (20), 5337-5353, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-24-0121.1 

Wei, H.-H., M. Alexander, M., and M. Newman, 2024: Impact of time scales on North Pacific surface turbulent heat fluxes driven by ENSO. Geophysical Research Letters, 51, e2023GL107009. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL107009 

Jacox, M.G., S.J. Bograd, J. Fiechter, M. Pozo Buil, M. Alexander, D. Amaya, N. Cordero Quiros, H. Ding, and R.R. Rykaczewski, 2024: Linking upwelling dynamics and subsurface nutrients to projected productivity changes in the California Current System, Geophysical Research Letters, 51, e2023GL108096, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL108096.  

Jacox, M.G., D.J. Amaya, and M.A. Alexander, 2024: Marine Heatwaves in 2023 [in “State of the Climate in 2023”], Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 105 (8), S167-168,  https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0100.1 

Deser, C., A. S. Phillips, M. A. Alexander, D. J. Amaya, A. Capotondi, M. G. Jacox and J. D. Scott, 2024: Future changes in the intensity and duration of marine heat and cold waves: Insights from coupled model initial-condition large ensembles. J. Climate, 37, 1877-1902, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-23-0278.1 

Sukhonos, P.A., and M. A. Alexander, 2024: Winter–to–winter recurrence of the tripole pattern of the sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Atlantic ocean and its interaction with the NAO. Climate Dynamics, 62, 7799–7817 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07307-x

2023

Ding, H., and M. A. Alexander, M, 2023: Multi-year predictability of global sea surface temperature using model-analogs. Geophysical Research Letters, 50, e2023GL104097. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL104097 

Amaya D.J., M.G. Jacox, M.R. Fewings, V.S. Saba, M.F. Stuecker, R. Rykaczewski, ... M.A. Alexander, et al., 2023: Marine heatwaves need clear definitions so coastal communities can adapt. Nature, 616(7955), 29-32. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-00924-2. 

Amaya, D. J., M. A. Alexander, J. D. Scott, and M. G. Jacox, 2023: An evaluation of high-resolution ocean reanalyses in the California Current System, Progress in Oceanography, 210, 102951, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102951 

Pozo Buil, M., J. Fiechter, M.G. Jacox, S.J. Bograd, and M.A. Alexander, 2023: Evaluation of different bias correction methods for dynamical downscaled future projections of the California Current upwelling system, Earth and Space Science, doi:10.1029/2023EA003121. 

Castillo-Trujillo, A. C., Y.-O. Kwon, P. Fratantoni, K. Chen, H. Seo, M. A. Alexander, V. S. Saba, 2023: An evaluation of eight global ocean reanalyses for the Northeast U.S. Continental shelf, Progress in Oceanography, 219, 103126, ISSN 0079-6611, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103126. 

Zhu, Y., W. Han, M. A. Alexander, and S.-I. Shin, 2023: Interannual Sea Level Variability Along the U.S. East Coast During Satellite Altimetry Era: Local versus Remote Forcing. Journal of Climate. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-23-0065.1 

Jacox, M.G., M. Pozo Buil, S. Brodie, M.A. Alexander, D.J. Amaya, S.J. Bograd, et al., 2023: Downscaled seasonal forecasts for the California Current System: Skill assessment and prospects for living marine resource applications. PLOS Climate, 2(10), e0000245. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000245 

Ding, H., M.A. Alexander, and M. Ting, 2023: Revisiting the Relationship between the North Pacific High and Upwelling Winds along the West Coast of North America in the Present and Future Climate. Journal of Climate, 36, 8211-8224, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-23-0238.1. 

Henderson, M.E., K.E. Mills, M.A. Alexander, M. Barajas, M.J. Collin, M. Dzaugis, D. Kircheis, and T. F. Sheehan, 2023: A synthesis of US Atlantic salmon habitat requirements and implications for future suitability under a changing climate, ICES Journal of Marine Science, 80, Issue 8, 2051-2073, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsad127 

Alexander, M.A., J.D. Scott, M.G. Jacox, C. Deser, D. J. Amaya, A. Capotondi, and A.S. Phillips, 2023: A survey of coastal conditions around the continental US using a high-resolution ocean reanalysis, Progress in Oceanography, 216, 103055, ISSN 0079-6611, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103055 

Amaya, D. J., M. G. Jacox, M. A. Alexander, J. D. Scott, C. Deser, A. Capotondi and A. S. Phillips, 2023: Bottom marine heatwaves along the continental shelves of North America. Nature Communications, 14, 1038. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36567-0

Smith, J.A., M. Pozo Buil, B. Muhling, D. Tommasi, S. Brodie, T.H. Frawley, J. Fiechter, S. Koenigstein, A. Himes-Cornell, M.A. Alexander, et al., 2023: Projecting climate change impacts from physics to fisheries: a view from three California Current fisheries, Progress in Oceanography, 211, 102973, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.102973 

2022

Xu, T., M. Newman, A. Capotondi, S. Stevenson, E. DiLorenzo, and M. Alexander, 2022: An increase in marine heatwaves without significant changes in surface ocean temperature variability. Nat. Commun., 13, 7396, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34934-x 

Sukhonos, P.A., and M. A. Alexander, 2022: The reemergence of the winter sea surface temperature tripole in the North Atlantic from ocean reanalysis data. Climate Dynamics https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06581-x 

Jacox, M. G., M. A. Alexander, D. Amaya, E. Becker, S. J. Bograd, S. Brodie, E. L. Hazen, M. Pozo Buil, and D. Tommasi, 2022: Global seasonal forecasts of marine heatwaves, Nature, 604, 486-490, doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04573-9. 

Alexander, M. A., S.-I. Shin, and D. S. Battisti, 2022: The influence of the trend, basin interactions, and ocean dynamics on tropical ocean prediction. Geophysical Research Letters, 49, e2021GL096120. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096120 

Baumann H., L. F. Jones, C. S. Murray, S. A. Siedlecki, M. Alexander, Emma L. Cross, 2022: Impaired hatching exacerbates the high CO2 sensitivity of embryonic sand lance Ammodytes dubius. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 687, 147-162, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14010 

Clark, S., K. A. Hubbard, D. K. Ralston, D. J. McGillicuddy, C. Stock, M. A. Alexander, E. Curchitser, 2022: Projected effects of climate change on Pseudo-nitzschia bloom dynamics in the Gulf of Maine, Journal of Marine Systems, 230, 103737, ISSN 0924-7963, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2022.103737. 

Amaya, D. J., M. G. Jacox, J. Dias, M. A. Alexander, K. B. Karnauskas, J. D. Scott, and M. Gehne, 2022: Subseasonal-to-seasonal forecast skill in the California Current System and its connection to coastal Kelvin waves, Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans, 127, e2021JC017892, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017892. 

Hughes, M., Swales, D., Scott, J.D, Alexander, M., Mahoney, K., R. R. McCrary, R. R., Cifelli, R., Bukovsky, M., 2022: Changes in extreme integrated water vapor transport on the U.S. west coast in NA-CORDEX, and relationship to mountain and inland precipitation. Clim. Dyn. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06168-6 

2021

Hare, J. A., D. L. Borggaard, M. A. Alexander, et al., 2021: A review of River Herring science in support of species conservation and ecosystem restoration. Mar. Coast. Fish., 13 (6), 627-664, https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10174. 

Kearney, K. A., M. A. Alexander, K. Aydin, W. Cheng, G. Hervieux and I. Ortiz, 2021: Seasonal predictability of sea ice and bottom temperature across the eastern Bering Sea shelf. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 126 (11), e2021JC017545, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017545. 

Drenkard, E., C. Stock, A. Adcroft, M. Alexander, and co-authors, 2021: Next-generation regional ocean projections for living marine resource management in a changing climate. ICES Journal of Marine Science. fsab100, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab100 

Ding, H., M. A. Alexander and M. G. Jacox, 2021: Role of geostrophic currents in future changes of coastal upwelling in the California Current System. Geophysical Research Letters, 47, e2020GL090768. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090768 

Mahoney K., J. D. Scott, M. Alexander, R. McCrary, M. Hughes., D. Swales, M. Bukovski, 2021: Cool season precipitation projections for California and the Western United States in NA-CORDEX models. Climate Dynamics, 56, 3081-3102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05632-z 

Shin, S.-I., P. D. Sardeshmukh, M. Newman, C. Penland, and M. A. Alexander, 2021: Impact of the Annual Cycle on ENSO Variability and Predictability. J. Climate, 34, 171-193. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0291.1. 

Amaya DJ, M. A. Alexander, A. Capotondi, C. Deser, K. B. Karnauskas, A.J. Miller, and N.J. Mantua, 2021: Are Long-Term Changes in Mixed Layer Depth Influencing North Pacific Marine Heatwaves? [in "Explaining Extremes of 2019 from a Climate Perspective"]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 102(1), S59-S66, https://doi.org/10.1175/ BAMS-D-20-0144.1. 

Pozo Buil, M., M. G. Jacox, J. Fiechter, M. A. Alexander, S. J. Bograd, E. N. Curchitser, C. A. Edwards, R. R. Rykaczewski, and C. A. Stock, 2021: A dynamically downscaled ensemble of future projections for the California Current System. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8:612874. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.612874 

Frolov, S., C. A. Reynolds, M. Alexander, M. Flatau, N. P. Barton, P. Hogan, and C. Rowley, 2021: Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Covariances in Global Ensemble Simulations: Impact of an Eddy-Resolving Ocean. Mon. Wea. Rev., 149, 1193-1209, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-20-0352.1 

Fiechter, J., M. Pozo Buil, M. G. Jacox, M. A. Alexander, K. A. Rose, 2021: Projected shifts in 21st century sardine distribution and catch in the California Current. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 874, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.685241 

Brickman D., M. A. Alexander, A. Pershing, J. D. Scott, and Z. Wang, 2021: Projections of Physical Conditions in the Gulf of Maine in 2050. Elementa Science of the Anthropocene. 9 (1): 00055. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2020.20.00055 

2020

Jacox, M. G., M. A. Alexander, S. J. Bograd, and J. D. Scott, 2020: Thermal displacement by marine heatwaves, Nature, 584, 82-86, doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2534-z. 

Shin, J., S. Park, S.-I. Shin, M. Newman, and M. A. Alexander, 2020: Enhancing ENSO Prediction Skill by combining Model-Analog and Linear Inverse Models (MA-LIM). Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085914 

Ray, S., S. Siedlecki, M. A. Alexander, N. A. Bond, A. J. Hermann, 2020: Drivers of subsurface temperature variability in the Northern California Current. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 125, e2020JC016227, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016227 

Sun, L., C. Deser, R. Tomas and M. Alexander, 2020: Global coupled climate response to polar sea ice loss: Evaluating the effectiveness of different ice-constraining approaches. Geophys. Res. Lett., https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085788 

Shin, S., and M. A. Alexander, 2020: Dynamical Downscaling of Future Hydrographic Changes over the Northwest Atlantic Ocean J. Climate , 33 (7): 2871-2890. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0483.1. 

Alexander, M. A., S. Shin, J. D. Scott, E. Curchitser, C. Stock, 2020: The Response of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean to Climate Change. J. Climate, 33 (2): 405-428. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0117.1. 

Allyn, A. J., M. A. Alexander, B. S. Franklin, F. Massiot-Granier, A. J. Pershing, J. D. Scott, et al., 2020: Comparing and synthesizing quantitative distribution models and qualitative vulnerability assessments to project marine species distributions under climate change. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231595. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231595 

Rutz, J. J., B. Guan, M. A. Alexander, et al., August 2020: Chapter 4. Global and Regional Perspectives. In Atmospheric Rivers, F. M. Ralph, M. D. Dettinger, J. J. Rutz, and D. E. Waliser (Eds.), Springer International Publishing, 89-140, ISBN 978-3-030-28905-8, 252 pp., https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28906-5.  

2019

Ding, H., M. Newman, M. A. Alexander, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2019: Diagnosing secular variations in retrospective ENSO seasonal forecast skill using CMIP5 model-analogs. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 1721-1730, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080598 

Brady, R. X., N. S. Lovenduski, M. A. Alexander, M. Jacox, and N. Gruber, 2019: On the role of climate modes in modulating the air-sea CO2 fluxes in eastern boundary upwelling systems, Biogeosciences, 16, 329-346, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-329-2019

2018

Byju, P., D. Dommenget, and M. A. Alexander, 2018: Widespread reemergence of sea surface temperature anomalies in the global oceans, including tropical regions forced by reemerging winds. Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 7683-7691. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079137 

Sun L., M. Alexander, C. Deser, 2018: Evolution of the global coupled climate response to Arctic sea ice loss during 1990-2090 and its contribution to climate change; J. Climate, 31, 7823-7843, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0134.1 

Jana S., B. Rajagopalan, M.A.  Alexander, and A. J. Ray, 2018: Understanding the dominant sources and tracks of moisture for summer rainfall in the southwest United States. J. Geophy. Res. – Atmospheres, 123, 4850-4870. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JD027652. 

Ding, H., M. Newman, M. Alexander, and A. Wittenberg, 2018: Skillful climate forecasts of the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean using model-analogs. J. Climate, 31, 5437-5459, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0661.1. 

Mahoney, K., D. Swales, M.J. Mueller, M. Alexander, M. Hughes, and K. Malloy, 2018: An Examination of an Inland-Penetrating Atmospheric River Flood Event under Potential Future Thermodynamic Conditions. J. Climate, 31, 6281-6297, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0118.1 

Turi, G., Alexander, M., Lovenduski, N. S., Capotondi, A., Scott, J., Stock, C., Dunne, J., John, J., and M. Jacox, M., 2018: Response of O2 and pH to ENSO in the California Current System in a high-resolution global climate model, Ocean Sci., 14, 69-86, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-69-2018. 

Zheng, J., F. Wang, M.A. Alexander, and M. Wang, 2018: Impact of South Pacific Subtropical Dipole Mode on the Equatorial Pacific. J. Climate, 31, 2197-2216, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0256.1 

Alexander MA, JD Scott, KD Friedland, KE Mills, JA Nye, AJ Pershing, AC Thomas, 2018: Projected sea surface temperatures over the 21st century: Changes in the mean, variability and extremes for large marine ecosystem regions of Northern Oceans. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 6(1):9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.191 

Le Bris, A., K. E. Mills, R. A. Wahle, Y. Chen, M. A. Alexander, A. J. Allyna, J. G. Schuetz, J. D. Scott, and A. J. Pershing, 2018: Climate vulnerability and resilience in the most valuable North American fishery. PNAS, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1711122115. 

2017

Jacox, M. G., M. A. Alexander, N. J. Mantua, J. D. Scott, G. Hervieux, R. S. Webb, and F. E. Werner, 2017: Forcing of multiyear extreme ocean temperatures that impacted California Current living marine resources in 2016 [in "Explaining extreme events of 2016 from a climate perspective"], Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 98, S27-S33, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0119.1. https://www.mjacox.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Jacox_BAMS_2017.pdf

Brady R.X., M.A. Alexander, N.S. Lovenduski and R.R. Rykaczewski, 2017: Emergent anthropogenic trends in California Current upwelling, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, doi:10.1002/2017GL072945. 

Gan, B., L. Wu, F. Jia, S. Li, W. Cai, H. Nakamura, M. A. Alexander, A. J. Miller, 2017. On the response of the Aleutian Low to greenhouse warming. J. Climate, 30, 3907-3925, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0789.1 

Lee, H. J., M. O. Kwon, S. Yeh, Y. Kwon, W. Park, J. Park, Y. H. Kim, and M. A. Alexander, 2017: Impact of Poleward Moisture Transport from the North Pacific on the Acceleration of Sea Ice Loss in the Arctic since 2002. J. Climate, 30, 6757-6769, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0461.1 

Hervieux, G., M. A. Alexander, C.A. Stock, M. G. Jacox, K. Pegion, E. Becker, F. Castruccio, and D Tommasi, 2017: More reliable coastal SST forecasts from the North American multimodel ensemble Climate Dynamics, DOI 10.1007/s00382-017-3652-7. 

Jacox, M. G., M. A. Alexander, C.A. Stock, and G. Hervieux, 2017: On the skill of seasonal sea surface temperature forecasts in the California Current System and its connection to ENSO variability. Climate Dynamics, DOI 10.1007/s00382-017-3608-y. 

Kim, H. M., Y. Zhou, and M. A. Alexander, 2017: Changes in atmospheric rivers and moisture transport over the Northeast Pacific and western North America in response to ENSO diversity, Climate Dynamics,  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-35989 

Tommasi, D, et al., 2017: Managing living marine resources in a dynamic environment: The role of seasonal to decadal climate forecasts. Prog. Oceanogr., 152, 15-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2016.12.011 

Tommasi, D., C A. Stock, K. Pegion, G. A. Vecchi, R. D. Methot, M. A. Alexander, D. M. Checkley, 2017. Improved management of small pelagic fisheries through seasonal climate prediction. Ecological Applications, 27, 378-388. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1458 

2016

Newman, M., M. A. Alexander, et al., 2016: The Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Revisited. J. Climate, 29, 4399-4427, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0508.1 

Saba, V. S., S. M. Griffes, W. G. Anderson, M. Winton, M. A. Alexander, T. L. Delworth, J. A. Hare, M. J. Harrison, A. Rosati, G. A. Vechhi, R. Zhang, 2016: Enhanced warming of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean under climate change. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 121, 118-132, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011346 

Scott, J., M. Alexander, D. Murray, D. Swales and J. Eischeid, 2016: The Climate Change Web Portal: A System to Access and Display Climate and Earth System Model Output from the CMIP5 archive. Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 97, 523-530, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00035.1. 

Hare J. A., W. E. Morrison, M. W. Nelson, M. M. Stachura, E. J. Teeters, R. B. Griffis, M. A. Alexander, J. D. Scott, et al., 2016: A Vulnerability Assessment of Fish and Invertebrates to Climate Change on the Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf. PLoS ONE 11: e0146756. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146756 

Scannell, H. A., A. J. Pershing, M. A. Alexander, A. C. Thomas, and K. E. Mills, 2016: Frequency of marine heatwaves in the North Atlantic and North Pacific since 1950. Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 2069-2076. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL067308 

Swales D., M. Alexander, and M. Hughes, 2016: Examining moisture pathways and extreme precipitation in the U.S. Intermountain West using self-organizing maps, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 1727-1735. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL067478 

2015

Pershing, A. J., M. A. Alexander, C. M. Hernandez, L. A. Kerr, A. Le Bris, K. E. Mills, J. A. Nye, N. R. Record, H. A. Scannell, J. D. Scott, G. D. Sherwood, and A. C. Thomas, 2015: Slow Adaptation in the Face of Rapid Warming Leads to the Collapse of Atlantic Cod in the Gulf of Maine. Science, https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aac9819

Di Lorenzo, E., G. Liguori, J. Furtado, N. Schneider, B. T. Anderson and M. Alexander, 2015: ENSO and Meridional Modes: a null hypothesis for Pacific climate variability. Geophys. Res. Let., 42, doi:10.1002/2015GL066281. 

Stock, C., K., Pegion, G. Vecchi, M. Alexander, D. Tommasi, N. Bond, P. Fratantoni, R. Gudgel, T. Kristiansen, T. O'Brien, Y. Xue, X. Yang, 2015: Seasonal Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly Prediction for Coastal Ecosystems. Progress in Oceanography, 137, 219-236. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2015.06.007 

Bracken, C., B. Rajagopalan, M. Alexander, and S. Gangopadhyay, 2015: Spatial Variability of Seasonal Extreme Precipitation in the Western United States, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 120, 4522-4533, doi:10.1002/2015JD023205. 

Kim, H-M., and M. A. Alexander, 2015: ENSO's Modulation of Water Vapor Transport over the Pacific North America Region. J. Climate, 28, 3846-3856. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00725.1 

Tommasi, D., J. Nye, C. Stock, J. A. Hare, M. Alexander, K. Drew, 2015: Effect of Environmental Conditions on Juvenile Recruitment of Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and Blueback Herring (A. aestivalis) in Freshwater: A Coastwide Perspective. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 72, 1037-1047, 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0259. 

Alexander, M. A., J. D. Scott, D. Swales, M. Hughes, K. Mahoney, C. A. Smith, 2015: Moisture Pathways into the US Intermountain West Associated with Heavy Winter Precipitation Events J. Hydromet., 16, 1184-1206, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-14-0139.1. 

Smirnov, D., M. Newman, M. A. Alexander, Y.-O. Kwon, and C. Frankignoul, 2015: Investigating the local atmospheric response to a realistic shift in the Oyashio sea surface temperature front. J. Climate, 28, 1126-1147. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00285.1 

2014

Lynch, P. D., J. A. Nye, J. A. Hare, C. A. Stock, M. A. Alexander, J. D. Scott, K. L. Curti, and K. Drew, 2014: Projected ocean warming creates a conservation challenge for river herring populations. ICES Journal of Marine Science, doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsu134. 10.1093/icesjms/fsu134 

Hughes, M., K. M. Mahoney, P. J. Neiman, B. J. Moore, M. Alexander, F. M. Ralph, 2014: The Landfall and Inland Penetration of a Flood-Producing Atmospheric River in Arizona. Part II: Sensitivity of modeled precipitation to terrain height and atmospheric river orientation, J. Hydrometeorology, 15, 1954-1974. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-13-0176.1 

Vimont, D., M. A. Alexander, and M. Newman 2014: Optimal Growth of Central and East Pacific ENSO Events. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 4027-4034, doi: 10.1002/2014GL059997. 

Alexander M. A., K. H. Kilbourne, J. A. Nye, 2014: Climate variability during warm and cold phases of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) 1871-2008. Journal of Marine Systems, 133, 14-26, Special issue on the AMO. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.07.017 

Kilbourne, K. H., M. A. Alexander, J. A. Nye, 2014: A low latitude paleoclimate perspective on Atlantic multidecadal variability. Journal of Marine Systems, 133, 4-13, Special issue on the AMO. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.09.004 

Deser, C., A. S. Phillips, M. A. Alexander, and B. V. Smoliak, 2014: Projecting North American Climate over the next 50 years: Uncertainty due to internal variability J. Climate, 27, 2271-2296. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00451.1 

Smirnov, D., M. Newman, and M. A. Alexander, 2014: Investigating the role of ocean-atmosphere coupling in the North Pacific Ocean. J. Climate, 27, 592-606, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00123.1. 

Doney, S., A. A. Rosenberg, M. Alexander, F. Chavez, C. D. Harvell, G. Hofmann, M. Orbach, and M. Ruckelshaus, 2014: Ch. 24: Oceans and Marine Resources. Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment, J. M. Melillo, Terese (T.C.) Richmond, and G. W. Yohe, Eds., U.S. Global Change Research Program, 557-578. doi:10.7930/J0RF5RZW.  link 

2013

Han W., G.A. Meehl, A. Hu, M. Alexander, T. Yamagata, D. Yuan, M. Ishii, P. Pegion, J. Zheng, B. Hamlington, X.-W. Quan, and R. Leben, 2013: Intensification of decadal and multi-decadal sea level variability in the western tropical Pacific during recent decades. Clim. Dyn., DOI:10.1007/s00382-013-1951-1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1951-1 

McClure, M. M., M. Alexander, D. Borggaard, D. Boughton, L. Crozier, R. Griffis, J. C. Jorgensen, S. Lindley, J. Nye, M. J. Rowland, E. E. Seney, A. Snover, C. Toole, K. van Houtan, 2013. Incorporating Climate Science in Applications of the U.S. Endangered Species Act for Aquatic Species. Conservation Biology, 27, 1222-1233. https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.12166 

Snover, A.K., N.J. Mantua, J.S. Littell, M.A. Alexander, M. McClure, and J. Nye, 2013. Choosing and using climate change scenarios for ecological impacts assessments and conservation decisions. Conservation Biology, 27 1147-1157. https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.12163 

Pegion, K. and M. Alexander, 2013: The Seasonal Footprinting Mechanism in CFSv2: Simulation and Impact on ENSO Prediction Climate Dynamics, 41, 1671-1683. 10.1007/s00382-013-1887-5. Special issue on the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS). 

Alexander, Michael A., James D. Scott, Kelly Mahoney, Joseph Barsugli, 2013: Greenhouse Gas-Induced Changes in Summer Precipitation over Colorado in NARCCAP Regional Climate Models. J. Climate, 26, 8690-8697. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00088.1 

Mahoney, K., M. A. Alexander, J. D. Scott, and J. Barsugli, 2013: High-Resolution Downscaled Simulations of Warm-Season Extreme Precipitation Events in the Colorado Front Range under Past and Future Climates. J. Climate, 26, 8671-8689. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00744.1 

Gershunov, A., …, M A. Alexander et al.,2013: Future Climate: Projected Extremes. In: Garfin, G., Jardine, A., Merideth, R., Black, M., LeRoy, S. (eds) Assessment of Climate Change in the Southwest United States. NCA Regional Input Reports. Island Press, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0_7 

2012

Hare, J. A., J. Manderson, J. Nye, M. Alexander, et al., 2012: Cusk (Brosme brosme) and climate change: assessing the threat to a candidate marine fish species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69, 1753-1768. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss160 

Alexander, M. A., H. Seo, S.-P. Xie, and J. D. Scott, 2012: ENSO's Impact on the Gap Wind Regions of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean. J. Climate, 25, 3549-3565. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00320.1 

Capotondi, A., M. Alexander, N. Bond, E. Churchitser, and J. Scott, 2012: Enhanced Upper-Ocean Stratification with Climate Change in the CMIP3 Models. J. Geophs Res. - Oceans, 117, C04031, doi:10.1029/2011JC007409. 

Wu, L., W. Cai, L. Zhang, H. Nakamura, A. Timmermann, T. Joyce, M. J. McPhaden, M. Alexander, B. Qiu, M. Visbeck, P. Chang, and B. Giese, 2012: Enhanced warming over the global subtropical western boundary currents. Nature Climate Change. DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1353. 

Mahoney, K., M. A. Alexander, G. Thompson, J. J. Barsugli, J. D. Scott, 2012: Changes in hail and flood risk in high-resolution simulations over the Colorado Mountains. Nature Climate Change, 2, doi:10.1038/nclimate1344.  

Deser, C., A. S. Phillips, R. A. Tomas, Y. Okumura, M. A. Alexander, A. Capotondi, J. D. Scott, Y. -O. Kwon, and M. Ohba. 2012: ENSO and Pacific Decadal Variability in Community Climate System Model Version 4. J. Climate, 25, 2622-2651, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00301.1 

2011

Ciasto, L. M., M. A. Alexander, C. Deser, M. H. England, 2011: On the persistence of cold season SST anomalies associated with the Annular Modes. J. Climate, 24, 2500-2515. https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3535.1 

Frankignoul C., N. Sennechael, Y-O. Kwon, and M. A. Alexander, 2011: Influence of the Meridional Shifts of the Kuroshio and the Oyashio Extensions on the Atmospheric Circulation. J. Climate, 24, 762-777. https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3731.1 

Newman, M., S.-I. Shin, and M. A. Alexander, 2011: Natural variation in ENSO flavors. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L14705, doi:10.1029/2011GL047658. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047658 

Newman, M., M. A. Alexander and J. D. Scott, 2011: An empirical model of tropical ocean dynamics. Climate. Dyn., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-011-1034-0 

2010

Alexander, M. A., D. J. Vimont, P. Chang, and J. D. Scott, 2010: The Impact of Extratropical Atmospheric Variability on ENSO: Testing the Seasonal Footprinting Mechanism using Coupled Model Experiments. J. Climate, 23, 2885-2901. https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3205.1 

Alexander, M. A., 2010: Extratropical Air-Sea Interaction, SST Variability and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Climate Dynamics: Why does Climate Vary, Editors D. Sun and F. Bryan, AGU Monograph #189, Washington D. C., 123-148. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GM000794 

Alexander, M. A., R. Tomas, C. Deser, and D. M. Lawrence, 2010: The Atmospheric Response to Projected Terrestrial Snow Changes in the Late 21st Century. J. Climate, 23, 6430-6437. https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3899.1 

Capotondi, A., and M. A. Alexander, 2010: Relationship between precipitation in the Great Plains of the United States and global SSTs: Insights from the IPCC-AR4 models. J. Climate, 23, 2941-2958. https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI3291.1 

Di Lorenzo, K. M. Cobb, J. Furtado, N. Schneider, B. Anderson, A. Bracco, M. A. Alexander, and D. Vimont, 2010: Central Pacific El Nino and decadal climate change in the North Pacific. Nature Geosciences, 3 (11), 762-765, doi: 10.1038/NGEO984. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo984 

Kwon, Y.-O., M. A. Alexander, N. A. Bond, C. Frankignoul, H. Nakamura, B. Qiu, L. Thompson, 2010: Role of Gulf Stream, Kuroshio-Oyashio and Their Extensions in Large-Scale Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction: A Review. J. Climate, 23, 3249-3281. https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3343.1 

Stock, C. A., M. A. Alexander, et al., 2010: On the use of IPCC-class models to assess the impact of climate on living marine resources, Progress in Oceanography, 88, 1-27, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2010.09.001. 

Deser, C., A. S. Phillips, and M. A. Alexander, 2010: Twentieth Century Tropical Sea Surface Temperature Trends Revisited. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L10701, doi:10.1029/2010GL043321. 

Hare, J., M. Alexander, M. Fogarty, E. Williams, J. Scott, 2010: Forecasting the dynamics of a coastal fishery species using a coupled climate population model. Ecological Applications, 20(2), 452-464. https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1863.1 

Deser, C., M. A. Alexander, S.-P. Xie, and A. S. Phillips, 2010: Sea Surface Temperature Variability: Patterns and Mechanisms. Annual Review of Marine Sciences, 2, 115-143, doi:10.1146/annurev-marine-120408-151453. 

Deser, C., R. Thomas, M. Alexander, and D. Lawrence, 2010: The Seasonal Atmospheric Response to Projected Arctic Sea Ice Loss in the Late 21st Century. J. Climate, 23, 333-351. https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI3053.1 

2009

Vimont, D. J., M. Alexander, and A. Fontaine, 2009: Mid-latitude excitation of tropical variability in the Pacific: the role of thermodynamic coupling and seasonality. J. Climate, 22, 518-534. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2220.1 

Capotondi, A., V. Combes, M. A. Alexander, E. D. Lorenzo, and A. J. Miller, 2009: Low-Frequency Variability in the Gulf of Alaska from coarse and eddy-permitting ocean models. J. Geophys. Res - Oceans, 114, C01017, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JC004983. 

2008

Alexander, M. A. and J. D. Scott, 2008: The role of Ekman ocean heat transport in the Northern Hemisphere Response to ENSO. J. Climate, 21, 5688-5707. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2382.1 

Bhatt, U. S., M. A. Alexander, C. Deser, J. E. Walsh, J.S. Miller, M. Timlin, J.D. Scott, and R. Tomas, 2008: The Atmospheric Response to Realistic Reduced Summer Arctic Sea Ice Anomalies, in Arctic Sea Ice Decline: Observations, Projections, Mechanisms, and Implications, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 180, edited by E. T. DeWeaver, C. M. Bitz, and L.-B. Tremblay, pp. 91-110, AGU, Washington, D. C. 10.1029/180GM08. 

Bladé, I., M. Newman, M. A. Alexander, 2008: The late fall extratropical response to ENSO: sensitivity to coupling and convection in the tropical west Pacific. J. Climate, 21, 6101-6118. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI1612.1 

Alexander, M., A. Capotondi, A. Miller, F. Chai, R. Brodeur and C. Deser, 2008: Decadal variability in the Northeast Pacific in a physical-ecosystem model: The role of mixed layer depth and trophic interactions. Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans, 113, C02017, doi:10.1029/2007JC004359. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004359 

Alexander, M. A., L. Matrosova, C. Penland, J. D. Scott, and P. Chang, 2008: Forecasting Pacific SSTs: Linear Inverse Model Predictions of the PDO. J. Climate, 21, 385-402. https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI1849.1 

2007

Solomon, A., S.-I. Shin, M.A. Alexander, and J.P. McCreary, 2007. The relative importance of tropical variability forced from the North Pacific through ocean pathways. Climate Dyn, doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0353-7. 

Liu, Z. and M. A. Alexander, 2007: Atmospheric Bridge, Oceanic Tunnel and Global Climatic Teleconnections. Rev. of Geophys., 45, RG2005, doi:10.1029/2005RG000172. 

Cassou, C., C. Deser and M. A. Alexander, 2007: Investigating the impact of reemerging sea surface temperature anomalies on the winter atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic. J. Climate, 20, 3510-3526. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI4202.1 

Trites, A. W., A. J. Miller, H. D. G. Maschner, M. A. Alexander, et al., 2007: Bottom-up forcing and the decline of Steller sea lions in Alaska: Assessing the ocean climate hypothesis. Fisheries Oceanography, 16, 46-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2006.00408.x

2006

Park, S., M. A. Alexander, and C. Deser, 2006: The impact of cloud radiative feedback, remote ENSO forcing, and entrainment on the persistence of North Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies. J. Climate, 19, 6243-6261. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3957.1 

Schwing, F. B., N. A. Bond, S. J. Bograd, T. Mitchell, M. A. Alexander, N. Mantua., 2006: Delayed upwelling along the U.S. West Coast in 2005: A historical perspective. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026911 

Alexander, M., J. Yin, G. Branstator, A. Capotondi, C. Cassou, R. Cullather, Y.-O. Kwon, J Norris, J. Scott, I. Wainer, 2006. Extratropical Atmosphere-Ocean Variability in CCSM3. J. Climate, 19, 2496-2525. Special Issue (June 1, #11) on the CCSM3. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3743.1 

Peng, S., W.A. Robinson, S. Li, and M.A. Alexander, 2006: Effects of Ekman transport on the NAO response to a tropical Atlantic SST anomaly. J. Climate, 19, 4803-4818. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3910.1 

Sura, P., M. Newman, and M. A. Alexander, 2006: Daily to decadal sea surface temperature variability driven by state-dependent stochastic heat fluxes. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36, 1940-1958. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO2948.1 

2005

Capotondi, A., M. A. Alexander, C. Deser, and M. McPhaden, 2005: Anatomy and Decadal Evolution of the Pacific Subtropical Cells. Journal of Climate, 18, 3739-3758. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3496.1 

Capotondi, A., M. A. Alexander, C. Deser and A. J. Miller, 2005: Low-frequency pycnocline variability in the Northeast Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanography, 35, 1403-1420. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO2757.1 

Miller, A. J., E. DiLorenzo, D. J. Neilson, H.-J. Kim, A. Capotondi, M. A. Alexander, et al., 2005: Interdecadal changes in mesoscale eddy variance in the Gulf of Alaska circulation: Possible implications for the Steller sea lion decline. Atmosphere-Ocean, 43, 231-240. https://doi.org/10.3137/ao.430303 

Park, S., C. Deser, and M. A. Alexander. 2005: Estimation of the surface heat flux response to sea surface temperature anomalies over the global oceans. J. Climate, 18, 4582-4599. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3521.1 

2004

Alexander, M. A., U. S. Bhatt, J. E. Walsh, M. S. Timlin, J. S. Miller and J. D. Scott, 2004: The atmospheric response to realistic Arctic sea ice anomalies in an AGCM during Winter. J. Climate, 17, 890-905. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0890:TARTRA>2.0.CO;2 

Shinoda, T., M. A. Alexander, and H. H. Hendon, 2004: Remote response of the Indian Ocean to interannual SST variations in the tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 17, 362-372. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0362:RROTIO>2.0.CO;2 

Shinoda, T., H. H. Hendon, and M. A. Alexander, 2004: Surface and subsurface dipole variability in the Indian Ocean and its relation with ENSO. Deep Sea Research I, 51, 619-635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.01.005 

Alexander, M. A., N.-C. Lau, and J. D. Scott, 2004: Broadening the atmospheric bridge paradigm: ENSO teleconnections to the North Pacific in summer and to the tropical west Pacific- Indian Oceans over the seasonal cycle. Earth Climate: The Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction, eds. C. Wang, S.-P. Xie and J. Carton. AGU Monograph. pp. 85-104. https://doi.org/10.1029/147GM05 

2003

Capotondi, A., M. A. Alexander, and C. Deser, 2003: Why are there Rossby wave maxima at 10°S and 13°N in the Pacific? J. Phys. Oceanogr., 33, 1549-1563. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2003)033<1549:WATRWM>2.0.CO;2 

Carey, C., M. A. Alexander, 2003: Climate change and amphibian declines: is there a link? Diversity and Distributions, 9, 111-121 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-4642.2003.00011.x 

Miller, A. J., M. A. Alexander and co-authors, 2003: Potential feedbacks between Pacific Ocean ecosystems and interdecadal climate variations. Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 84, 617-635. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-84-5-617 

Newman, G. Compo, M. A. Alexander, 2003: ENSO-forced variability of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. J. Climate, 16, 3853-3857. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<3853:EVOTPD>2.0.CO;2 

Deser, C., M. A. Alexander, and M. S. Timlin, 2003: Understanding the Persistence of Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in Midlatitudes. J. Climate, 16, 57–72, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<0057:UTPOSS>2.0.CO;2.

2002

Timlin, M. S., M. A. Alexander, and C. Deser, 2002: On the reemergence of North Atlantic SST anomalies. J. Climate, 15, 9, 2707-2712. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2707:OTRONA>2.0.CO;2 

Alexander, M. A., I. Bladé, M. Newman, J. R. Lanzante, N. Lau, and J. D. Scott, 2002: The Atmospheric Bridge: The Influence of ENSO Teleconnections on Air–Sea Interaction over the Global Oceans. J. Climate, 15, 2205–2231, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2205:TABTIO>2.0.CO;2

2001

Alexander, M. A., and J. K. Eischeid, 2001: Climate variability in regions of amphibian declines. Conservation Biology. 15, 930-942. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2707:OTRONA>2.0.CO;2 

Alexander, M. A., M. S. Timlin, and J. D. Scott, 2001: Winter-to-Winter recurrence of sea surface temperature, salinity and mixed layer depth anomalies. Progress in Oceanography, 49, 41-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6611(01)00015-5. 

Capotondi, A., and M. A. Alexander, 2001: Rossby waves in the tropical North Pacific and their role in decadal thermocline variability. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 3496-3515. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2002)031<3496:RWITTN>2.0.CO;2 

2000

Alexander, M. A., J. D. Scott, and C. Deser, 2000: Processes that influence sea surface temperature and ocean mixed layer depth variability in a coupled model. J. Geophys. Res. - Oceans, 105, 16,823-16,842. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JC900074 

Newman, M., M. A. Alexander, C. R. Winkler, J. D. Scott, and J. J.Barsugli, 2000: A linear diagnosis of the coupled extratropical Ocean-Atmosphere system in the GFDL GCM. Atmospheric Sciences Letters, 1, 1, 14-25. https://doi.org/10.1006/asle.2000.0002 

1999

Deser, C., M. A. Alexander, and M. S. Timlin, 1999: Evidence for a wind-driven intensification of the Kuroshio Current Extension from the 1970s to the 1980s. J. Climate, 12, 1697-1706. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<1697:EFAWDI>2.0.CO;2 

Schneider, N., A. J. Miller, M. A. Alexander, C. Deser, 1999: Subduction of decadal North Pacific temperature anomalies: observations and dynamics. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 1056-1070. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<1056:SODNPT>2.0.CO;2 

Alexander, M. A., C. Deser, and M. S. Timlin, 1999: The Reemergence of SST Anomalies in the North Pacific Ocean. J. Climate, 12, 2419–2433, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<2419:TROSAI>2.0.CO;2

Scott, J. D. and M. A. Alexander, 1999: Net shortwave fluxes over the ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 3167-3174. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<3167:NSFOTO>2.0.CO;2 

1998

Bhatt, U. S., M. A. Alexander, D. S. Battisti, D. D. Houghton and L. M. Keller, 1998: Atmosphere-ocean interaction in North Atlantic: near-surface climate variability. J. Climate, 11, 1615-1632. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1615:AOIITN>2.0.CO;2 

1997

Alexander, M. A., and J. D. Scott, 1997: Surface flux variability over the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. J. Climate, 10, 2963-2978. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<2963:SFVOTN>2.0.CO;2 

1996

Alexander, M. A., and C. Penland, 1996: Variability in a mixed layer ocean model driven by stochastic atmospheric forcing. J. Climate, 9, 2424-2442. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2424:VIAMLO>2.0.CO;2 

Deser, C., M. A. Alexander, and M. S. Timlin, 1996 : Upper ocean thermal variations in the North Pacific during 1970-1991. J. Climate, 9, 1840-1855. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<1840:UOTVIT>2.0.CO;2

1995

Alexander, M. A., and C. Deser, 1995: A mechanism for the recurrence of midlatitude SST anomalies during winter. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 122-137. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025<0122:AMFTRO>2.0.CO;2 

Battisti, D. S., U. Bhatt, and M. A. Alexander, 1995: A modeling study of the interannual variability of sea surface temperature in the wintertime N. Atlantic Ocean. J. Climate, 8, 3067-3083. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<3067:AMSOTI>2.0.CO;2 

Alexander, M. A., and K. M. Weickmann, 1995: Biennial variability in an atmospheric general circulation model. J. Climate, 8, 431-440. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<0431:BVIAAG>2.0.CO;2 

1992

Alexander, M. A., 1992: Midlatitude atmosphere-ocean interaction during El Niño. Part II: the Northern Hemisphere Atmosphere. J. Climate, 5, 959-972. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005<0959:MAIDEN>2.0.CO;2 

Alexander, M. A., 1992: Midlatitude atmosphere-ocean interaction during El Niño. Part I: the North Pacific Ocean. J. Climate, 5, 944-958. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005<0944:MAIDEN>2.0.CO;2 

1990

Alexander, M. A., 1990: Simulation of the response of the North Pacific Ocean to the anomalous atmospheric circulation associated with El Niño. Climate Dyn., 5, 53-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00195853 

Alexander, M. A., and S. D. Schubert, 1990: Regional earth-atmosphere energy balance estimates based on assimilations with a GCM. J. Climate, 3, 15-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00195853